After more than six decades, the French forces completed Withdrawal from Chad This week before the deadline on January 31, the last blow to France’s military contract decreased in the previous West and Central Africa strongholds.

Nadgamina suddenly cut ties with Paris in December and ended a military agreement that witnessed 1,000 French soldiers stationed in the country. The sprawling nation is a major place to monitor and release missions against the swarm of armed groups operating in the troubled Sahel region, as well as to monitor the neighboring activities of Libya.

These winds are part of a modern direction that the previous French colonies cut or reduce military and diplomatic relations with their former ruler, due to the dissatisfaction of the French -envirled intervention in their countries.

In the military -led Niger, Burkina Faso and Mali came out, and about 4,000 French soldiers came out, while Russian forces were immersed to help fight armed groups.

She has followed Chad, Senegal and Ivory Coast has since followed.

“For these countries, it comes to sovereignty,” said the Francophone security analyst in Africa, Beverly Ocinig, with the risk consultations of the island.

“If you have a foreign power in your country, this means that you somehow surrender sovereignty, and these countries see that they liberate themselves from this intervention.”

Popular dissatisfaction against France has faded in “La Francafique” since the colonial era, but it has now erupted. In the past decade, the demonstrators walked from Abidjan to Niamey in the streets, and blamed France for everything, starting from the intervention of the elections to instability.

However, although France’s military bases closely, analysts say Paris continues to use a hidden but deep force. From the French language and the coin common to the previous colonies to phone networks and Baguettes, France’s effect is visible and everywhere in the daily life of people across these countries, which may make full divorce almost impossible.

French: “One Language”

The largest soft power in France is accessible to the French language.

Of the 300 million French speakers in the world by 2022, nearly 50 percent lived in Africa, according to the French -speaking organization. There are more French speakers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo than anywhere else alongside France, for example.

Through the continent, the local population over time adapted the solid base to suit their needs. In Cameroon, where French and English are official languages, mixed phrases such as Tu Go Où, which means where you are going, common.

However, in many French countries, official communication, such as the general statement, news, or even lectures, is connected to the French standard. In Mali, where the military government has reduced the French language reduction to an informal position in August, the French language is still the language of work after several months.

In order to know the French Language Force, the administration of President Emmanuel Macron launched a campaign to provide French lessons in most African cities. In a letter to students in Burkina Faso that year, before the fall of the two countries, Macron announced that the French will be “the first language in Africa … and perhaps even the world.”

Indeed, the language is viewed positively in English -speaking countries such as Nigeria, where elite schools entice parents with a promise that their children will learn French.

The President of Senegal Pasero Dewmay Fay, who was voted in his position in April 2024, tried to promise to provide anti -Foundation policies and reduce relations with France, while getting rid of the language.

His official sermons are delivered in French and the dominant Wolof language.

Faye has also moved to the creation of a new agency that will restore streets and squares across the country to honor the locals.

The base of France for centuries for the country was to the extent that the streets, bridges and squares were called the name of the colonial officers, or bearing French words.

Scientists say that such movements are necessary for a country like Senegal is keen to rebuild an independent identity from France. “It is part of the process of ending colonialism is to contribute to restoring self -esteem and recovering the shock of colonialism,” Ferdinand de Young, a researcher at East Anglia University in the United Kingdom.

CFA: a complex common currency

With the same strong, the economic relations that France brought together its previous colonies since before independence.

Provide mobile networks, Ocean supermarkets, or Urano nuclear company, all of them are from French -owned companies, which are now part of the scene of work in many French -speaking countries. Although these companies have increasingly targeted violent anti -ovens, there is no sign that they are planning to leave.

Then, there is a common CFA area. It was created in December 1945 at a time when independence calls were already escalating, and the CFA currency area includes 14 West and Central Africa. It was originally known as “French colonies franc in Africa”, which betrays France’s original intentions in the currency. Today, Frank is known as the African financial community and is voluntary. Only Guinea Concker and Mauritania left the region on independence.

Some see that the currency is strong against inflation, but the differences abound on their conditions: countries must keep 50 percent of their reserves in the French treasury to maintain the currency associated with the euro in France. Many African scientists and leaders notice that this limits CFA growth, so the economies of the countries you use. Others have called it the new colonial tool for the French.

In August 2015, former Chadian President Idriss Deby, in a speech anniversary of the anniversary, called for change: “We must have the courage to say that there is a rope that prevents development in Africa that must be cut,” Deby said.

However, no African leaders, including the military, left the region.

In Senegal, President Fai promised during his campaign to abandon CFA and stop working with Western monetary institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, but he did the opposite.

“They left a quietly question” CFA issue. ” They had these institutions. “

Analysts say that the two countries may be afraid of France’s reaction: After Guinea voted to leave the CFA in 1960, the French government launched a secret mission, Peres operation, to flood the country with the new Guinean and engineer. Paris also planned weapons to start a local conflict, despite its operation.

Leaving the CFA region and creating a new local currency, at least in West Africa, is also held through a regional batch in the economic community in West Africa (ECOWAS) to form a common currency to compete with the euro in the European Union. However, this process was delayed several times, and some blame France for this: in 2019, a day before the ECOWAS countries are scheduled to rely on the final currency of the currency “ECO” that the countries of the CFA region were appointed to adopt a new currency. Her name? Also “the environment”. So far, the currency has not appeared.

With the countries continuing to mutate from France, Paris also began implementing a new strategy in Africa that was launched in late 2024: There are plans to reduce the presence of forces permanently in countries that have not yet expelled the French forces, such as Gabon, where there are still about 300 French soldiers.

Jean -Marie, a Police, a special envoy to President Macron for Africa, said in May that France wants “to reduce its visual existence, but it maintains logistical, human and material access to these countries, while strengthening our work in response to its aspirations.”

France is also increasingly closer to the previous British colonies such as Nigeria and Kenya, which does not bear the same harm and resentment against Paris as their Francophone neighbors. In December, Macron defeated Nigerian President Ahmed Tinubu, using Pidgin Engy in his welcome address.

“For France, it is like a clean list,” analyst Ochinig.