Donald Trump has revealed a comprehensive reform of the United States’ commercial relationship with many of its partners and allies, as it launched what is called a “fair and mutual plan” for trade.

The president signed a memorandum on Thursday to order his senior advisers He reached a “comprehensive” approach To address the trade deficit of the United States, especially by raising definitions to take revenge on taxes, fees, regulations and support that Washington considers unfair.

This step is the latest trade by Trump in his first month in his position, and follows threats to unleash Definitions On North America’s commercial partners in the United States, as well as new fees on mineral imports.

What are the “mutual” definitions?

In June 2023, Trump pledged that if he won the elections, he will pass a law through Congress, allowing him to match the customs tariff for import with those who are imposed on American goods by other countries. His campaign described it as “an eye to the eye, a tariff for a tariff, the same exact amount.”

The approach that was taken was wider. Officials said they would impose fees on the basis of “country by country”, and they are defected from other barriers, too. They have set the value -added tax of the European Union as an example of an unfair commercial practice, as well as the digital services taxes that were explored or implemented by many European countries.

Evere Essenastat, a former Trump commercial official now in Square Batton Bugs, said the regulations ranging from agricultural standards to weight restrictions on cars can be at the intersection.

The facts in the White House, which determines the plan, said that the United States is “one of the most open economies in the world” but it has argued that its trading partners “keep their markets closed to our exports.”

The American plan will divide the rules of the World Trade Organization, where members must provide the same rates to each other unless they conclude a bilateral or regional trade deal-the so-called country principle of the most preferred country.

Although the United States has long stopped playing within the rules of the World Trade Organization, the transition to a similar treatment system would represent a sharp exit for Washington’s trade policy.

It will also be different from the approach that Trump adopted for trade in minerals, as the United States imposed a 25 percent tariff.

What countries and products are most affected?

A senior official said on Thursday that Japan, India and the European Union were the largest goals in the new measures, while the White House Facts newspaper added to the list.

“Japan has a relatively low tariff, but the high structural barriers,” the official said. “While India. It has some of the highest definitions in the world.”

Peter Navarro, Trump’s chief consultant to manufacturing and trade, described the value -added tax of the European Union, a “sticker” for the management that will be addressed by the American definitions, on the pretext that the European Union has provided unfair discounts to its exporters. European Union countries receive value -added tax only on products sold in the mass, regardless of the original. The United States does not have a value -added tax, only state sales taxes.

“[It] Navarro said: “The average of the European Union tariffs is almost on American exports, and it even strongly supports European Union exports,” Navarro said.

Trump has previously complained about China, the European Union and India, citing an analysis of the booming coalition of America, a pro -conflict research center. The White House said on Thursday that India applied a 100 percent tariff on American motorcycles, while the United States was only 2.4 percent. He also said that the European Union prevented oyster imports from 48 states.

On the basis of definitions, analysts in Morgan Stanley found that India, Thailand and South Korea will be more retaliatory, and they calculate that they will be vulnerable to an increase of four to six degrees Celsius on a weighted average.

Morgan Stanley also found that Japan, Malaysia and the Philippines can be targeted, based on the average high tariffs. Analysts in Barclays Indonesia and Vietnam added to that list.

The European Union can also suffer. It meets 10 percent on car imports, while the United States receives only 2.5 percent. Cars represent 8 percent of European Union exports to the United States.

The average collective tariff for US Trade is 2.2 percent, according to the World Trade Organization. In contrast, the average rate of India is 12 percent and up to 177 percent for oily seeds, fats and oils.

Can American definitions decrease as well?

A White House official said on Thursday that the United States is hoping to conduct a “discussion with the countries of the world about the extent of the balance of the commercial environment due to the current structures.”

The official added, “The president is pleased to reduce the customs tariff if countries want to reduce the customs tariff,” but he argued that the high customs tariff was often less than a commercial barrier than policies such as taxes.

Scott Lincum, Vice President of the Institute of Thought at the Cato Institute in the Free Market, said that a real mutual system will drop the American tariff on goods manufactured from Europe, Mexico, Canada or the United Kingdom, as the customs tariff was sometimes less.

He said: “I am skeptical that our tariff – for example a 25 percent tariff on light trucks or those on clothes and shoes – will decrease.”

The United States is also a prolific use of commercial defense tools, and it is an emergency measure that spreads customs tariffs in specific cases, such as increasing import. Washington also guarantees that some benefits are only available to local companies and use regulatory standards to preserve foreign products.

“Many foreign countries have protectionist barriers against American goods, services and investment, but the United States is not a saint,” Linkomb said.

What has Trump so far?

Trump used definitions as a negotiating tool and a way to protect the United States industry, and has been repeatedly exposed to the country’s trade deficit. A mutual tariff plan comes alongside other measures, which often take a mutual approach.

The president’s threats to impose a tariff on Canada and Mexico have forced both countries to expedite Washington’s showing that they are making useful efforts to secure their borders and smuggle fentanel, in line with Trump’s demands.

Trump also showed that he is ready to implement a sharp tariff to protect the specified American industries, and to agree to a 25 percent tariff for all steel and aluminum imports starting in March. Trump officials said there will be no exceptions for any companies or products.

He also implemented his threat to impose 10 percent of customs tariffs on all imports from China, a step that strikes daily consumer goods.

In addition to these early measures, Trump ordered his officials to conduct investigations into whether foreign countries impose taxes on American companies unfairly, the reasons for the ongoing trade deficit of the United States and whether countries are manipulating currencies.

How will other countries respond?

Some countries actually behave. India this month has cut its duties covering some American imports, including motorcycles, Harley Davidson, Trump’s longing for a long time, which was called “unacceptable”.

Although India is one of the major buyers in the world of Russian oil, Trump announced that the United States “will be an oil and gas pioneer to India” during a press conference with Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Thursday.

He added that Moody will negotiate “long -term variations” on trade.

The Financial Times reported that European Union officials will be ready to drop the tariff of cars to the levels of the United States if it avoids punitive action against its exports. Brussels publicly said she wanted to buy more LNG.

It is not clear how the European Union and the United Kingdom will respond to great revenge against VAT systems, which they see neutral in trade and a basic part of their tax systems. No other commercial partner raised such a threat.

European Union officials told that they do not believe that the bloc would change its system under the pressure of the United States. He – she The system successfully defends Against American measures in the World Trade Organization in the 1990s.

The European Union has so far promised “constant and proportional” revenge to the tariffs of steel and aluminum, while the United Kingdom has said it is unlikely to respond, does not want to fuel inflation.

On Monday, China responded to an increase in the American tariff with limited counter measures affecting about $ 14 billion in US imports. But her speech has been relatively restricted compared to the first round of the Trump trade war.

The Chinese Foreign Ministry said: “There are no winners in a commercial war or an introductory war.” “We urge the United States team to stop politicizing and weapons of economic and commercial issues.”