The United States sends President Donald Trump’s tariff for steel and aluminum imports by the United States through global markets and rising tensions with major commercial partners, including Canada, Mexico and the European Union.

Some countries are fighting with revenge definitions, while others are looking for exemptions, and a few of them are trying to negotiate to get out of the 25 % definitions.

Therefore, who escalates the trade war, who is trying to avoid it, and what does this mean for industries that depend on these minerals?

Who provides steel and aluminum to the United States?

Canada, Brazil and Mexico are the three best steel suppliers in the United States, Completely represented by about 49 percent of its imports between March 2024 and January 2025, according to the International Trade Administration. The remaining suppliers are South Korea, Vietnam, Japan, Germany, Taiwan, the Netherlands and China, which together make up 30 percent of US steel imports.

Here is a collapse:

• Canada – 16 percent
• Brazil – 14 percent
• Mexico – 9 %
• South Korea – 8 percent
• China – 2 percent

For aluminum, the largest suppliers are Canada, the United Arab Emirates, Russia and Mexico. Canada is the dominant resource, responsible for nearly 40 percent of American aluminum imports, followed by the United Arab Emirates, Russia and Mexico.

The war of customs tariffs will have a widespread impact on manufacturers and consumers in the United States as crucial and aluminum in the manufacture of home appliances, cars, aircraft, phones, buildings, and others.

Steel is the backbone of construction, manufacturing, transportation, and energy, with the construction sector using a third of all steel imports. The costs of infrastructure projects will increase, including airports, schools and roads.

Aluminum, being lightweight and corrosion resistant, is necessary for car and space industries, as well as food and beverage packaging.

The United States is particularly dependent on aluminum imports, with nearly half of the metal used in the country coming from foreign sources.

The import of the United States of steel and aluminum last year amounted to 31 billion dollars and 27 billion dollars, respectively, according to the data of the US Department of Commerce.

The customs tariff is especially harmful because there is a “little economic basis or real national security for them.”

“The United States cannot on a realistic beach with enough of these goods, and therefore the tasks mainly create economic pain for American consumers and the main commercial partners,” Nadjipola told the island of the island.

Instead, they provide a level of “the inability to predict and fluctuations that we have not seen for decades.”

By undermining the commercial standards in force, “the United States actually encourages other countries to respond somewhat, with a devastating impact on stock markets and investor and consumer confidence throughout North America and beyond,” said Nadjipola.

How do countries respond?

Canada

The largest resource of steel and aluminum of the United States has taken a strong position against definitions. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau described “unjustified” definitions and “the stupid thing to do.”

Canada has announced a 25 percent revenge tariff for American goods worth $ 20.6 billion, including $ 8.8 billion on steel and $ 2 billion in aluminum imports. An additional tariff of about $ 10 billion has also been imposed on American goods such as computers, servers, displays, waterproofes and sports equipment, among other things.

These counter -measures apply on Thursday.

“We will defend our workers, and we will make sure that the American people realize that their leadership decisions have consequences,” Trudeau said earlier this week.

Mark Carney, who will succeed Trudeau as Prime Minister, pledged to maintain definitions so that the United States committed fair trade practices. He said he is ready to take a “more comprehensive approach to trade.”

“We believe a firm belief that in a world fraught with geopolitical and economic doubts, our common interest is not the burden of our economies in definitions,” he said on Wednesday.

The most recent customs tariff, in addition to counter -conflicts, by 25 percent, on $ 20.8 billion of US imports, which was imposed on March 4, a win for the previous Trump tax, which has been late since then for a month.

European Union

The European Union has also announced reprisal measures targeting more than $ 28 billion for American commodities such as motorcycles, peanuts and jeans, among other things. These measures will appear in two phases:

• The first stage (April 1) – The previously suspended tariff for US products worth $ 8.7 billion, including steel, aluminum, bourbon and motorcycles. The counter -fees, which were imposed between 2018 and 2020 during the first period of Trump, were suspended under the Biden Administration.
• Phase 2 (mid-April)-It raises a new tariff on additional exports of $ 19.6 billion from the United States, such as poultry, dairy products, fruits and grains.

European Commission President Ursula von der Lin warned that these definitions will increase prices and threaten jobs on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.

“We are deeply regretted for this measure. Customs duties are taxes. She said it is bad for work and worse for consumers,” adding that the European Union “will always remain open to negotiation.”

Mexico

Mexico’s response is still unclear. President Claudia Shinbom indicated that no retaliatory tariff will be implemented unless negotiations fail. However, a temporary concession deal has already been concluded with Trump, as it obtained an exemption until April 2 of Mexican Imports under the United States and Cananga Convention (USMCA) signed under Trump’s first state.

However, analysts say goods that do not correspond to USMCA still attract new 25 percent definitions.

This comes after Mexico and Canada negotiated for one month delay in the definitions, during which both countries agreed to strengthen security measures for the borders. Trump continued his promise in his campaign to impose a tariff on Mexico until the migration and drug trafficking stopped across its borders.

Brazil

Although it is one of the most difficult countries, Brazil has chosen diplomacy for revenge. Brazilian officials participate in talks with Washington in the hope of obtaining an exemption.

The government, led by left -wing President Luise Lula Da Silva, issued a statement regretting the “unjustified” move by the United States.

Finance Minister Fernando Haddad told reporters on Wednesday: “The president told us that we would not be calm, noting that in the past we have negotiated under circumstances that were more unfavorable than current cases,” Finance Minister Fernando Haddad told reporters on Wednesday.

South Korea

Trump accused South Korea of ​​taking advantage of the United States, adding that the average tariff of Seoul was four times higher, without providing evidence. Trade between close allies is free from customs tariffs due to the free trade agreement.

We provide a lot of help militarily and in many other ways to South Korea. “This is what is happening,” Trump said during his speech to the US Congress earlier this month.

He also promised to cancel the chips and science law, according to which many Korean companies, including Samsung Electronics, receive American assistance.

South Korea chose negotiation instead of confrontation. It also activated the “response mode to full emergency situations” to protect local industries.

On Tuesday, South Korean President Choi Sang Mok said that Trump’s “First America” ​​policy began to target his country.

South Korean officials actively sought a dialogue with their counterparts in the United States to negotiate potential exemptions and address mutual concerns. Cheong In-Kyo, DC, is scheduled to visit the DC from 13 to 14 March, with the aim of discussing the mutual tariff and investment opportunities.

The visit seeks to influence the Trump administration’s commercial policy report and present the South Korea position on definitions.

China

Beijing is not a pioneering steel resource for the United States. However, definitions were taken as a direct economic attack and strongly responded.

Mao Ning, the Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman, told reporters that the move was violating the rules of the World Trade Organization, and that China, the largest steel producer in the world and the second largest economy, would take all necessary measures to protect its rights and interests.

“No one wins a commercial war or an introductory war,” the spokesman said.

China has already slapped a tariff for the United States in response to the 20 percent of the Trams imposed by Trump.

How will the tariff war affect relations with its allies?

Australia, another major American ally affected by Trump’s definitions, said it will not be divided. Prime Minister Anthony Albaniz described the tariff as “completely unjustified”, but he excluded mutual definitions because it would affect Australian consumers.

Canberra managed to obtain an exemption from the steel and aluminum tariffs in the first period of Trump.

According to Nadjibulla, these definitions draw a picture that the United States has become an “unreliable partner for its nearest allies.”

She said countries like Canada, Australia and South Korea “will look forward to reducing weaknesses” and following strategies such as diversifying commercial partners.

She said: “When the big economies are involved in escalating the sacred tariff, the risk of global trade is waving on the horizon.” “These measures not only harm the final result in the short term-which threatens the full framework of open trade that has prompted a lot of economic growth in the world and its stability.”